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Essay Of Topic Courtesy About 200 To 220 Words
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Inventing Your Own Technology :: Writing Nature Writers Education Essays
Imagining Your Own Technology At the point when understudies are approached to compose a research paper or an exposition they can either ...
Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Inventing Your Own Technology :: Writing Nature Writers Education Essays
Imagining Your Own Technology At the point when understudies are approached to compose a research paper or an exposition they can either get out their pen/pencil and paper or boot up their PC and compose/type away. I never acknowledged what an accommodation it is to have the option to have these straightforward a perplexing innovations readily available until I took Writing, Style and Technology. That was the point at which my paper composing theory was broken. My instructor gave us an unexpected development on our clench hand composing task like ââ¬Å"boys versus girlsâ⬠on Survivor. I needed to ââ¬Å"writeâ⬠around twenty words without utilizing a pen, pencil, paper or PC. Rather I as required to utilize just ââ¬Å"naturalâ⬠materials in the earth. At the point when I initially knew about the undertaking I had various thoughts going through my mind. Might I be able to utilize food to compose on or with? Would I be able to cut into rock or wood? I went to work the following day and approached some associates for thoughts and heard essentially similar reactions. Other than them saying this is the most abnormal task they have ever known about, I got ââ¬Å"use your bloodâ⬠, which I immediately clarified that blood was impossible on the grounds that our educator had prohibited it. At that point their thoughts halted and I was all alone. I at that point concluded I would utilize the bark off certain logs in our patio. My concern was that I was unable to get a piece sufficiently large to compose on. My final retreat was to chop down the tree in the back yard and get a bit of wood from it. My better half was absolutely against that thought and said there must be a fair compromise some place. So I concluded that I would utilize so me timber we have in the carport for family unit extends as my new ââ¬Ëpaper.ââ¬â¢ Now I needed to think of something to compose with. I chose to consume a stick and utilize the debris as my new pencil. I recorded my ââ¬ËOld West Choresââ¬â¢. On it I have. Milk the dairy animals Assemble eggs Assemble wood Chase supper Clean toilet Furrow fields Clean corrals Go to general store There are as of now various issues with my venture.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Why Abortion Should Be Illegal an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by
Why Abortion Should Be Illegal A premature birth is the evacuation or ejection of an undeveloped organism or embryo from the uterus, coming about in, or brought about by, its passing (Abortion). Most ladies who need to dispose of their unborn kid pick premature birth as a departure from pregnancy. In the United States of America, ladies choose to end about 25% of their pregnancies through premature birth (Overview of Abortion). They accept that by having a premature birth they could get rid of the difficulty of experiencing pregnancy, and in the end bringing up a youngster. There are a great deal of reasons why premature birth is depended on and the issue of fetus removal has caused the ceaseless discussion between the star lifers and the genius choicers. The previous, as the people who need to end premature birth as it is an explicit dismissal of the hatchling right to life. I am one of the genius lifers, and I do accept that premature birth ought to be unlawful. Need paper test on Why Abortion Should Be Illegal subject? We will compose a custom paper test explicitly for you Continue Our Customers Usually Tell EssayLab support: I would prefer not to compose 2 page training exposition this evening We OfferA Top-Quality Academic Essay Step by step instructions to Write A College PaperHow To Write A Research PaperBuy 1000 Word EssayPay For Papers WrittenCollege Papers For SalePaper Writers For HireCoursework Writing ServiceCustom Essay Writing Service It has been said that during the Roman occasions, fetus removal and the pulverization of undesirable kids was admissible, yet as out progress has matured, it appears that such demonstrations were not, at this point satisfactory by discerning individuals, so that in 1948, Canada alongside most different countries on the planet marked an assertion of the United Nations promising each person the privilege to life (The Abortion Debate). In this manner, it is surprising that most nations everywhere throughout the globe despite everything consider premature birth as legitimate having as premise the choice of the United States Supreme Court in Roe versus Swim (410 U.S. 113 (1973)). The case included a pregnant lady who initiated an activity investigating the lawfulness of the Texas premature birth laws, which prohibits any fetus removal put something aside for occurrences where the equivalent is important to spare the pregnant womans life (Major Laws Concerning Abortion). I accept, be that as it may, that the thinking of the Court for this situation isn't sensible. Obviously, the worry is on the womans exercise of her entitlement to choose while the privilege of the youngster or the baby is being ignored, if not overlooked. It must be borne at the top of the priority list that bearing kids is the normal consequence of sex under positive conditions, it isn't constrained upon ladies by the United States government (9 Reasons). So likewise, it is significant that this driving case supporting premature birth isn't without imperfections. The Supreme Court's choices in Roe and Doe didn't address various significant premature birth related issues which have been raised in this way by state activities looking to limit the extent of the Court's decisions. These incorporate the issues of educated assent, spousal assent, parental assent, and revealing necessities (Capital Punishment). I accept that the life of the lady isn't, and ought not be the sole concern. The life of the child should likewise be thought of. Along with other Pro-lifers, I am of the sentiment that at origination, a human existence with its own one of a kind DNA appears (An Overview). Life starts as ahead of schedule as origination, and as right on time as that time, the existence should as of now be ensured. This is the stand taken by us, professional lifers and we bolster our fight against premature birth by saying that human personhood starts at the moment of origination and since premature birth has for its motivation, the end of the life of the hatchling, at that point every fetus removal is a type of homicide (An Overview). In this manner, despite the fact that there is a need of ensuring the privileges of the lady as respects her choice of turning to fetus removal, the life of the imagined youngster should likewise be concurred sufficient security. This must be finished by depicting the p rocedure of premature birth as unlawful. As referenced before, there are a great deal of reasons why ladies think about experiencing the procedure of premature birth. As a general rule, the vast majority of these reasons are similar ones that legitimize the lawfulness of fetus removal. The more well known reasons are assault, spontaneous pregnancy and inbreeding. Notwithstanding, it must be borne as a top priority that paying little mind to the reality of such reasons, they can't be considered as adequate so as to approve the intentional dismissal of the embryo right to life. In an article, it was effectively expressed that assault and inbreeding are deficient explanations behind thinking about a fetus removal, thus:pregnancy coming about because of assault or interbreeding is a catastrophe. Assault is a despicable wrongdoing, yet no normal thinking can put the scarcest fault on the unborn kid it may deliver. Inbreeding is, if that is conceivable, far more detestable, yet for quite a long time, customary Jewish law has obvi ously expressed, that if a dad sins against his little girl (interbreeding) that doesn't legitimize a subsequent wrongdoing - the fetus removal of the result of that transgression (The Abortion Debate). So additionally, impromptu pregnancy ought not be considered as a reason for choosing to have a premature birth. On the off chance that violations like assault and inbreeding are not considered by master lifers as persuading explanations behind sanctioning selection, at that point even more should pregnancies coming about for flawed dynamic be not considered as legitimate purposes behind fetus removal. As expressed in another article. The demonstration which will stop premature birth is the demonstration of settling on the choice to be progressively cautious in regards to sexual movement and to be liable for the outcomes of sexual action, including the result of an undesirable pregnancy. No country focused on singular freedom could truly consider the discount murder of powerless infants with little worry for the worry for the prosperity of the children. Ladies aren't compelled to shoulder kids, they decide to hold up under youngsters by the demonstration of having sex. (9 Reasons) Subsequently, lack of regard as respects sexual action involves obligation. The aftereffect of a flawed choice dynamic can't be destroyed just by choosing to have a premature birth. I accept that so as to show duty as respects sexuality action, at that point fetus removal ought to be unlawful. Else, it will just irritate untrustworthiness towards sexual action since there will consistently be a simple way out of each impromptu pregnancy. Another motivation behind why I accept fetus removal ought to be unlawful is on the grounds that it doesn't just discuss unfriendly impacts to the life of the kid yet in addition to the wellbeing and prosperity of the lady who has experienced a premature birth. It is because of the absence of training and data about premature birth that ladies who resort to fetus removal don't have the foggiest idea what fetus removal could do to their bodies (Kuroda 1996). So likewise, experiencing the procedure of fetus removal could realize passionate melancholy. Ladies, who need to dispose of their unborn youngster, make rushed decisionsresorting to abortionwithout in any event, having profited of data as respects the potential outcomes of the procedure of premature birth. The tragic part is that these results are negative and troublesome. The unfavorable impacts realized by premature birth to the strength of the lady are reason enough to strike down fetus removal as unlawful. Fruitlessness is considered as one of the potential impacts of having a fetus removal. It is hence conceivable that after a premature birth, the lady could no longer bear a kid. Dr. Stipal, Czechoslovakia's Deputy Minister of Health expresses that generally 25% of the ladies who intrude on their first pregnancy have remained for all time childless (qtd. in Do Abortions Cause Infertility?). In this way, the pregnancy ended by the lady through the procedure of premature birth could be her solitary pregnancy. As effectively expressed, in prematurely ending a multi year old this yearwith alleged educated assent, we might be keeping her from having even 1 or 2 youngsters 10 years after the fact when cheerfully wedded (The Abortion Debate). I accept that this sort of risk presented on the strength of the lady is reason enough to consider fetus removal as illegal.The harming results of premature birth are not constrained to the physical prosperity of the lady yet additionally to her passionate prosperity. Various feelings can be felt by the lady who is experiencing the choice of whether to have a premature birth or not. Genuinely, fetus removal isn't a simple choice to settle on, and during the time spent dynamic, a great deal of feelings might be experienced by the lady. The harm is brought about by the way that no positive feeling can be realized by the choice to think about a selection. As expressed in an article. Some genius life bunches infer that an enormous level of ladies who have experienced a premature birth; experience genuine misery, and huge sentiments of blame. This has been designated Post-awful premature birth condition, Post fetus removal disorder, Post-fetus removal stress disorder, PAS, and PASS. (Post Abortion Syndrome) There is no sureness concerning to what extent the lady who had a fetus removal would remain discouraged. I likewise accept that there is even a likelihood that the downturn and blameworthy inclination realized by premature birth will never leave. The psychological and enthusiastic injury brought about by fetus removal is another of my reasons why it is nevertheless legitimate to think about premature birth as unlawful. In aggregate, it is my accommodation that the negative impacts brought about by fetus removal requires the State to meddle and think about premature birth as unlawful. The insurance of the womans option to pick premature birth can't abrogate the privilege of a kid to life. In premature birth, the lady is included as well as the hatchling as well. I accept that even the unborn kid is qualified for assurance under the law. So likewise, an unsound choice as respects sexual action isn't reason enough to kill an unbornchild, whose life is now qualified for security. The recklessness towards sexual movement ought not go on without serious consequences. In all actuality the negative impacts o
Saturday, August 8, 2020
The Popularity of Books About Saying Yes to Life... and Why We Still Say No
The Popularity of Books About Saying Yes to Life... and Why We Still Say No This past week, I started re-reading Yes Man, by Danny Wallace. A comic memoir about a man who decides to say yes to everything for the rest of the year, its a fun read. Plus it always makes me think: Gosh darn it, Steph. You really need to say yes to life more. Meanwhile, as Ive been re-reading, Ive said no to: a mommy and me music class at a local nursing home, a pumpkin parade party for toddlers, a Halloween Dance Party at the dance studio where my husband and I used to take salsa lessons, and a deep restorative experience at a yoga studio at which I used to teach. And I love deep restorative experiences. Clearly, I learn nothing from the books I read. Yet I continue to hoover them up like Pixy Stix, and I know Im not the only one. Just this past year, Shonda Rhimes blew us all away with Year of Yes, a memoir about how yes changed her life. Even more recently, Mindy Kaling followed up Is Everyone Hanging Out Without Me? with Why Not Me?, a collection of essays on her ongoing journey to build a happy life. And though its not as well known, I was completely charmed by Noelle Hancocks My Year with Eleanor, a work of stunt journalism in which the author determined to do one thing every day that scared her. On the flip side are those books that show us an alternate reality in which we might say no to our boring, humdrum lives (which, by extension, means saying yes to something more exciting). Jon Krakauers Into the Wild, for example, captured imaginations with its account of a young man who walked away from all of his worldly possessions and walkedâ"ba-DUM-bumâ"into the wild. Frances Mayess Under the Tuscan Sun allowed us to imagine that it might actually be possible to run away to Italy, buy a farmhouse, gorge ourselves on pasta, and find love. And on the fiction side, I just fell madly in love with Gayle Formans Leave Me, in which an overworked, underappreciated mother with a full-time job has a heart attack. After her return home from the hospital, the narrator gets the sense that her family resents the time sheâs taking to recuperate. Overwhelmed and angry, she decides to run away. (Let me just leave this book right here on my husbands pillow as a warning) What is it we love about inspirational books that challenge us to embrace life, and why is it thatâ"when we turn the last pageâ"we usually just go back to business as usual? Formans Leave Me pokes and prods at a possible answer. But when I explore that question for myself, I imagine several possible explanations. For one, as a work-at-home mom on a freelancers salary, I dont encounter many opportunities to say yes to anything life-changing or exciting, nor do I have the money or opportunity to peace out on my obligations and eat-pray-love my way straight outta Jersey. In fact, if I spent an entire day saying yes to every request or invitation, Danny Wallace-style, Id likely just end up with a toddler jacked up on yogurt, and a list of social gatherings I couldnt attend because, again: toddler. I assume many other readers are similarly hamstrung by reality. For another, as much as I love the idea of living under the Tuscan sun, I am lazy and also comfortable and also set in my ways. My life might be boring, but Im sorta happy with my boring life. Saying yes to a less boring life sounds exhausting. And following naturally from my previous point is the fact that, in certain cases, books are read as escapism, and nothing more. Theyre a way to live vicariously through the experiencesâ"or fictional realitiesâ"of others, giving us that sweet contact high before we finish the book and dive back into our day-to-day. What are your favorite books that let you temporarily imagine a life of yes?
Saturday, May 23, 2020
E-Commerce Industry Analysis- Porters - 1596 Words
Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry | * Indiaââ¬â¢s e retailers have primarily relied on PE funds and venture capitalists * Pricing is the point of differentiation from existing Brick and Mortar shops * Focus on segments like Books and apparels to slowly increase their offerings * innovations in delivery and technology in recent years like Cash on Delivery, CRM * Introduction of Guarantied replacement approach.Rivalry- * Business model is easy to copy * Beginning of extreme price war has led to difficult profit making. | Demand Conditions | * +Rise in disposable income * -Severe market competition * -Wide prevalence of cash economy * -Higher consumer loyalty | Factor Conditions | *â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Indian business players have adopted new business models like stock and sell, consignment and group buying. But problem area remains such as in-house logistics and locations of warehouses. Online travel has been the largest e-comm erce sub sector by revenue in India. But online retail is catching it up faster than ever. Indiaââ¬â¢s online recruitment industry took shape in 1997. The growth of the services sector, following the launch of economic reforms in 1991, resulted in the creation of additional jobs. The entry of low cost carrier in the aviation sector of India in 2005 resulted in the second wave of e-commerce in India. They began to sell their tickets online either directly or through third party means which triggered the chain of third party developers offering these services. This move also gave impetus to the online travel sites like yatra.com or makemytrip.com. The growth in online retail was mainly due to changing consumer lifestyle and need for convenience to shop from home. This brings the third wave of growth in e-commerce business in India in 2008 as many online retail website launched in that period. Online payment business is hit by low penetration of credit and debit cards; high failure rate of online payment transactions. Trends in E-commerce Industry In the short term, online sales are likely to be driven primarily by an increase in the number of broadband connections and Smartphone usageShow MoreRelatedBA 3103 Critical Analysis Paper Pier 11351 Words à |à 6 Pagesï » ¿Kristin Colgan Dr. Andy Hornett BA 3103 MWF 9am October 30, 2014 Critical Analysis Paper on Pier 1 Imports Pier 1 Imports has earned a place as one of the leading competitors in the home furnishing industry with a focus on their brick-and-mortar storefronts. Alex Smith, CEO, believes that shopping for home furnishings is a visual impulse buy and has concentrated on creating an in-store experience for customers with bold, colored textiles and tableware. Pier 1 excels in its strategy as a nicheRead MoreWhat Is Porterââ¬â¢s 5 Forces?1571 Words à |à 7 PagesWhat is Porterââ¬â¢s 5 Forces? Porterââ¬â¢s fives forces model is a strategic analysis model that can help analyse a particular environment of a market/sector. 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These entities are designed to help withRead MorePorter Five Forces Model950 Words à |à 4 PagesPorterââ¬â¢s Five Forces Model: an overview Porterââ¬â¢s Five Forces Model: an overview Abstract Porterââ¬â¢s Five Forces Model is a structured framework for analyzing commerce and business establishment. It was formed by Michael E. Porter of the Harvard Business School between 1979 and the mid 1980ââ¬â¢s. Porter developed the Five Forces model in opposition to the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, environmental opportunities, threats) analysis that was an industry standard for businesses to determine how theyRead MoreThe Role of the Internet in Supply Chain Management1872 Words à |à 7 Pagesrefers e-SCM as the integration of Internet-enable activities within the supply chain. In order for the e-SCM system to work, applications such as determining the best way to fill an order, to track goods and to manage materials require state-of-the-art IT systems for both planning and execution. Even still, with reports provided by such systems, supply chain partners are able to better analyze parts of the supply chain and thus optimize it even further. This assignment will discuss about the e-SCMRead MorePorters Five Forces Value Chain1396 Words à |à 6 PagesDay #2 Porterââ¬â¢s Strategic Models: The Five forces and the Value Chain CIS Department Professor Duane Truex III The Information Systems Strategy Triangle Business Strategy Organizational Design Strategy ICT/Information Strategy Professor Truex E-CommercePrinciples 1 HOW CAN INFORMATION RESOURCES BE USED STRATEGICALLY? Professor Truex E-CommercePrinciples Aligning IS/ICT strategy (Infrastructures) with business strategy â⬠¢ Using multiple approaches to evaluatingRead MoreManaging A Business Model : Porters Five Forces1524 Words à |à 7 PagesManage for Success ââ¬â Two Companies Approach Porterââ¬â¢s five forces provide a methodology to evaluate the external markets. Its consideration of substitutes, threats and power of buyer and supplier assists with the development of an integration strategy. A thorough analysis can isolate attractive opportunities in support of building a profitable business model. These strategies can leverage vertical and/or horizontal integration of new business entities. These entities are designed to help withRead MoreLeading For Success : Two Companies Approach1589 Words à |à 7 Pagesestimated 16 million in 1995 to 2.9 billion in 2014. This world of interconnectivity has provided a way for people all around the globe to communicate with one another in a real time format. The internet has removed the distance between governments, industries, businesses and individuals. This interconnectivity has helped to establish the foundation for a globalized community. This interconnectivity has sped up the game by which a business plays. This has also forced a new breed of leadership to reactRead MorePorters Five Forces Framework1547 Words à |à 7 PagesPorterââ¬â¢s five forces framework Porterââ¬â¢s five forces framework is a framework to analysis the level of competition in an organization and business strategy development. It illustrates upon industrial organization economics to derive 5 forces that find out the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of an industry. It has been applied to a diverse range of obstacles, for helping different types of organization increase their profitability. There are different opportunities and treats involvedRead MoreContemporary development1178 Words à |à 5 Pagesorganization and/or its industry sector outline the main external , internal , task and general environmental factors which would need to be considered by a potential outside investor when making a major investment decision. 2. Explain how some of the major operational and/or operational environment factor impact on functional areas within your chosen organization or organizations in your chosen industry sector. 3. In relation to your chosen organization and /or its industry sector explain in general
Tuesday, May 12, 2020
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Tasmac Free Essays
Chapter 20: Development Experience Of India Pakistan And China- A Comparative Study Learning Objectives: INTRODUCTION : *China *Pakistan COMPARITIVE STUDY: INDIA, CHINA AND PAKISTAN â⬠¢ Demographic Indicators â⬠¢ Growth Indicators â⬠¢ Human development Indicators. â⬠¢ Appraisal of Development Strategies ( China and Pakistan ) Q1. Compare between India, China, Pakistan in terms of GDP growthrate. We will write a custom essay sample on Tasmac or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ans: After the Independence in 1947, India Pakistan adopted planned development programmes which relied on public sector to spearhead the process of growth and development. China adopted more rigorous model of growth in 1949 and it decided to bring all critical areas of production activity under government control. â⬠¢ The great leap forward (GLF) campaign was launched in 1958, focusing on widespread Industrialization of the Economy. People were encouraged to launch household Industry in the country yards. â⬠¢ China adopted Commune system of agricultural production which was a system of collective cultivation. â⬠¢ Great Proletarian Cultural revolution launched in 1065 and making it mandatory for the students and professionals to go to the country side to work and learn from the countryside. Chinas Export driven manufacturing is the key parameter of its success story in economic growth. â⬠¢ Till about 1980, the economies of India, china, Pakistan did not show much d ivergence in the GDP growth rate and it was around 4% annually. â⬠¢ It was around early 1980s in China, mid 80ââ¬â¢s in Pakistan, 90ââ¬â¢s in India that the breakthrough in GDP Growth rate was recorded. â⬠¢ In 2005, India Pakistan both recorded GDP growth of 6 to 8 percent, where as china recorded GDP growth of about 10% per annum. 2. Compare the structure of growth between India, China, and Pakistan. % Share in GDP % share in employment India Pakistan China India Pakistan China Primary 23 23 15 60 49 54 Secondary 26 23 53 16 18 27 Tertiary 51 54 32 24 33 19 China has succeeded in placing greater reliance on Industrial sector compared to India Pakistan. It is due to (i) GLF , a campaign launched in China in 1958 focusing on widespread Industrialization of the Country . (ii) Policy of reforms and opening up launched in 1978 which gave big push to chinaââ¬â¢s manufacturing exports. Page | 74 Sector Q4. What is the important implication of the one child norm in China? Ans : One child norm in China has successfully reduced the growth rate of population . â⬠¢ After few decades in china there will be more elderly people in proportion to young people. â⬠¢ This will force China to take steps to provide social security measures with fewer workers. Q5. Compare the Demographic profile of India, China, and Pakistan. Ans: One child policy in china adopted since 1979 has reduced the growth rate of population from 1. 3 percent in 1979 to0. 64% in 2005. (i) Growth rate of Population Country Growth rate of Population 0. 64 China 1. 33 India 2. 5 Pakistan Fertility rate is also very low in china as Compared to India Pakistan. ii)Low Density of Population Country Person per square kilometer China 138 India 358 Pakistan 193 iii) Urbanization Country % of Population China 36% India 28% Pakistan 34% iv) Sex ratio Country Female per 1000 male China 937 India 933 Pakistan 9 22 Q6. Compare between the parameter of Human development. Ans. Human development i)HDI Ranking Country Ranking in the world China 81 India 128 Pakistan 136 ii) INFANT MORTALITY RATE Country Per thousand China 30 India 63 Pakistan 81 iii) Maternal Mortality Rate Country Per Lack China 56 Page | 75 India Pakistan iv) Improved Sanitation Country China India Pakistan v) Safe Drinking Water facility Country China India China vi) Below Poverty Line Country China India Pakistan 540 500 Of Population 44% 30% 54% Of Population 77% 86% 77% Of Population 16. 6% 21. 8% 13. 4% Q7. Mention the common success story of India Pakistan. Ans; i) A substantial rise in GDP per capita. ii) Self-sufficiency in food production. iii) Dualistic nature of the economy is gradually declining. iv) Considerable increase in the incidence of poverty. Q8. Mention the common failures of India and Pakistan. Ans. I) Relatively slow pace of GDP growth rate as Compared to China. 2) Poor performance in HDI ranking. 3) Poor fiscal management. 4) Lack of political interest for social prosperity. Q 9. Mention the areas where India has an edge over Pakistan. Ans. i) Skilled manpower ii) Investment in Education. ii) Health facilities. Q10. Mention the areas where Pakistan has an edge over India. Ans: 1) Urbanization 2) Less percentage of population below poverty line. 3) More percentage of population having access to improved water sources. Q11. Mention the areas where China has an edge over India. Ans. 1) China has successfully focused on Pro-poor reforms. 2) Agrarian reforms have been effectively carried out. 3) Export driven manufacturing has significantly grown, adding to the pace of GDP growth. 4) SEZ policy has proved to be a boon for FDI flow in India. Page | 76 How to cite Tasmac, Essay examples
Friday, May 1, 2020
Media and Foreign Policy free essay sample
It indicates the principles and preferences on which a country wants to establish relations with another country. â⬠WHY IT IS NECESSORY FOR A COUNTERY? No country today can think of a life independent of other nations. Every country has to develop relations with other countries so as to meet its requirements in economical, industrial and technological fields. It is thus necessary for every country to formulate a sound foreign policy. Foreign policy is necessary for a country to * Promote sovereignty amp; national interest Cope up the problems of environment, Terrorism and many others. * Solve the issues of poverty, underemployment, and Unemployment * Strengthen territorial amp; security integrity of country * Get International resources for countries domestic socio- economic context such as trading. DETERMINANTS OF THE FOREIGN POLICY The following are the determinants of the foreign policy of Pakistan:- Administrativeà Troika Administrative Troika comprises the President of P akistan, The Prime Minister rand Chief of Army Staff. It plays very important role in formulating foreign policy It can approve or disapprove the foreign policy of Pakistan President Or can make any change in it. However, it is very difficult to deviate from the previous foreign commitments made by Troika. Chief of prime Army staff minister Ministryà ofà Foreignà Affairs The ministry can play very important role in formulating the foreign policy. It comprises the specialists and experts of foreign policy and the bureaucrats of high level. They prepare foreign policy, keeping in view the basic objectives and principles of the policy. They formulate the policy, plans and programs regarding the priorities of foreign policy, and fully cooperate with Troika for its preparation. In accordance with new constitutional amendment, the Troika has been replaced by the National Securityà Council. Intelligenceà Agencies Pakistanââ¬â¢s intelligence agencies also play very effective role in the formulation of foreign policy by providing full information about the objectives of other countries foreign policies. Keeping in view these in formations, Pakistanà formulates its foreign policy. Politicalà Partiesà andà Pressureà Groups The political parties and pressure groups have deep impacts on the formulation of foreign policy. The political parties include the priorities of foreign policy in their manifestoes, and after their success in the election, they force the government to change the priorities of foreignà policy according to the changing scenario in the light of their view points. Likewise the pressure groups can also influence the foreign policy. Parliament The Ministry of Foreign Affairs usually prepares the foreign policy according to the directions of executive and puts ità before the Parliament for approval. After discussion and debate the parliament gives approval to it or suggests some FOREIGN POLICY AND ROLE OF MEDIA: Recent events in world have intensified speculations about the role of traditional mass media as well as communication technologies in shaping political events and cultures across the world Media do not necessarily influence policymakers directly, but may work through public opinion by shaping what people know and believe about foreign politics. Public opinion, embodied in predominant political views or in election results, can have considerable influence on policymakers that need approval from the electorate. Influence of media on foreign policy Accelerant to positive action * Political decision-making process in the light of a new or ongoing issue * Speeds the parliamentary process and deployment process of an already mandated issue Impediment to positive action * Where coverage of an incident will degrade public will and support for an ongoing operation or diplomatic initiative * Slows the parliamentary process and deployment process of an already mandated issue * As a threat to operational and national security Agenda Setting Agency Raises an unknown issue to a position where it produces political pressure for action According to the researchers: Mody represents a strongly normative perspective, arguing that an informed citizenry is necessary, although not sufficient, for preventing conflict and humanitarian crises. In her argument, media influence foreign policy by putting issues on the public agenda and by framing them in a way that catches the attention and sympathy of a large aud ience, which then demands action from their elected representatives. Philip Seib from the University of Southern California discusses ââ¬Å"newâ⬠media, in particular satellite television and the Internet. Seib posits that the media are indeed able to change the status quo of foreign policy by shaping international and domestic public opinion. Seibââ¬â¢s main idea is the ââ¬Å"virtual state:â⬠disperse communities achieve an unprecedented cohesion that puts them on the political map internationally. Satellite media and the Internet foster ââ¬Å"virtual sovereigntyâ⬠by cultivating a shared identity among disperse members of ethnic or religious communities. This is relevant for foreign policy because virtual states can affect the stability of traditional states and regions. Media can also alleviate tensions and conflict by providing new perspectives to an unprecedentedly large audience. Seib recommends that, if policymakers want to take advantage of the mediaââ¬â¢s power to create communities, cooperation is a better approach than competition, and international media, such as Voice of America and Deutsche Welle, become relevant tools of foreign politics. PAKISTAN FOREIGN POLICY: Pakistanà is the second largestà Muslimà country in terms of percentage of population (afterà Indonesia), and its status as aà declared nuclear power, being the only Islamic nation to have that status, plays a part in its international role. Pakistan has a fierce independent foreign policy, especially when it comes to issues such as development of nuclear weapons, construction of nuclear reactors, foreign military purchases and other issues that are vital to its national interests. Pakistan has a strategic geo-political location at the corridor of world major maritime oil supply lines, and has close proximity to the resource and oil rich central Asian countries. Pakistan is an important member of theà Organization of Islamic Cooperationà (OIC), aà major non-NATO allyà of the war against terrorism, and has a highly disciplined military, which is the worldsà eighth-largestà standing military force. Basic Goals of Pakistans Foreign Policy * Maintenance of territorial integrity. Maintenance of its political independence. * Acceleration of social and economic development. * Strengthening its place on the globe. * Keeping cordial and friendly relations with all countries. ROLE OF MEDIA IN PAKISTAN FOREIGN POLICY Pakistan has developed a vibrant and free-wheeling media in the last decade . Yet Pakistani journalists continue to face pressure both from the authorities and militant groups when reporting on terrorism and its impact on the country and this effe ct its foreign policy. Senior Journalist, Zahid Husain spoke on ââ¬ËPakistani media and its impact on foreign policy. ââ¬â¢ He was of the view that Pakistani media is much more candid, opaque and vocal regarding foreign policy. One of the major problems of print media, he said, is its division in English and Urdu. English newspapers cover issues related to foreign and security policy while there are hardly any such issues available in Urdu newspapers. This dichotomy is an underlying reason of our conflicts over various issues and inability to reach consensus. What should be the role of Pakistani media * Play role from watch dog to defender * Awake the people in a right way * Provide authentic and sincere information to people * Impartially shape public opinion CONCLUSION: So all of this proves that Pakistan media is just playing the role of watch dog in the formation of Pakistanââ¬â¢s foreign policy. it needs to much more mature. in order to make a perfect policy Pakistan media have to play its real role of awaking the people. Above discussion posit that the media shape foreign policy by shaping public opinion.
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